MIZORAM MAUTAM CHHHUINA

1:4  Mizorama mau leh rua dinhmun

Mizoram chhungah hian mau leh rua chi hrang 35 atanga 40 vel awm tur a rin a ni a, chung zingah chuan Mau (Melocanna baccifera) hi a tam ber niin hmun 100 zela 77 an awh a, mau leh rua chi hrang Environment & Forest Department-a Bamboo Cell in an chhinchiah te chu-

2.  MAUTAM

Mau an rah na zawng hian an tam lo a, hei vang hian mau rah dan chi hnih a then an ni. A hmasa zawk chu a kahpah a rah (sporadic flowering) a ni a, a dang leh chu a hung pum a rah (gregarious flowering) hi a ni. Hetia a hung pum a an rah hi Mautam chu a ni.

A kahpah a rah (sporadic flowering) hi chu mau hmun thlawhhma, kangvarah, tuaiterek an rawn chhuah rual in, lei hrulah te an rah mai ṭhin. Tin, hmun ṭhenkhatah chuan mau hung khatah rau rau pawh, kung 4/5 emaw vel lek ah , a bing in an rah ṭhin a ni.

Mautam kan tih tak a hi chu, mau chu a hung pum in an rawn par a, chutah an par aṭanga thla 2/3 velah rah rawn chhuah in chutah an thi zui ta ṭhin a. Mautam hi thil mak a ni lo a, mau te hian an dam hun chhung an rawn hman zawh vang a ni.

Mau leh Rua te hi hnim chi khat , grass an tih te zing a lian ber an ni a. Grass chi dang ho te hi chu Buh te, Di te, Hmunphiah te hi an ni a. Buh hi an dam hun chhung (life cycle) chu thla 3 aṭanga thla 7 inkarah an hmang zo a, hetia an dam hun chhung an hman zawh hian an rah a, an thi ṭhin a. Mau erawh hi chu an dam hun chhung a rei bik a. Tin, mau leh rua te hi an dam hun chhung hi a inang lo ve tho a, Rua ṭhenkhat te chu kum 1 an dam hun chhung a nih laiin, a ṭhen te erawh chu kum 30 te, kum 40 te, kum 45 te an ni hlawm a, China rama an rua chi khat phei chu kum 120 lai a ni a. Mahse, Mizoram a kan mau leh rawthing te hi an dam hun chhung chu kum 48(+1) a ni a. Hei vang hian kum 48 a rawn herchhuah chuan kan ramah chuan an tam ta ṭhin a ni.

Mau hi a upatna keng tu chu a zung a nih avangin a tam kum a lo thlen dawn chuan vat vek mah ila, leiseh chinah te, a tuai tharah te pawh an rawn rah tho thin. Tin, ram hran daihah pawn phunsawn ila, a tam a rawn hun chuan kan lak darhna hmun ami te nen an tam rual tho ṭhin

Mautam leh Thingtam hian Mizoramah nghawng lian tak mai a nei a. Chu chu kan hriat ṭheuh angin Sazu puang nena a inkaihhnawih ṭhin vang a ni. Hetiang ang a a inkaihhnawihna hi ramdang hmun ṭhenkhat, Myanmar-ah te, Laos leh Vietnam ram ah te, China ram hmun ṭhenkhatah te leh South America ram ṭhenkhatah te a thleng ve a sawi a ni. Tin, kan ram ṭhenawm Manipuriah te, Tripuraah te, Cachar tlangdungah te leh Arunachal Pradesh-ah te pawh a thleng ve ṭhin a. Mahse, a hma lama kan sawi tak ang khan MIzoramah bik hian mau hi kan ngah em avangin keini ang em em chuan kan ram ṭhenawm te hian an tuar ve lo a ni.

Mautam hi Sazu puang nen a inzawm nia lang tih mai lohah chuan han huppurh em em tur a ni lo a. Mau kung upa lutuk tur rawn in tuaithar lehna a ni a.Tin, mau rah te hi hralh sum atana mau hmun atan remchang tak a ni zawk a ni.

2:1 Maurah pianhmang :-

Mau (Melocanna baccifera) rah hi a sen lai chuan a hring hi a hringduk emaw, a thim lampang emaw a rawn pu ṭhin. A laimu hi a var a, a rah han zaiphel chuan theihai rahsen phel nen a inang hle . A tlangpuiin varaktui ai mah a lian anni ber a, 200 gms laia rit te pawh anni thei bawk. Artui pianzia an ang a, mahse a hmawr lehlamah hian a kuai zum van a. Mau chang aṭang te, atangah te a rah hi an rawn insiam ber a, amaherawhchu, a kung bul fepah te leh a zung aṭang te pawh in a rawn ṭiak hma em em a, thli leh thil dangin a kung aṭanga an tih tlak loh chuan an rahna hmun, mau kung a an la tan lai te pawh hian in zung hi an chhuah thei hial a ni.

Raw rah/fang erawh hi chu mau rah nen chuan an pianhmang a dang daih thung a, len lamah buhhum nen an in tia hle a, a kawrin a tuam a, a raw-tangah an bawr khawm ṭhin. Bawr khatah hian fang 150 aṭanga 190 inkar awm ṭhin.

2:2 Mautam Mizorama a lo thlen tawh ṭhin dan:-

Mautam hi Mizorama ziaka chhinchhiah a kan hmuh theih hmasak ber chu kum 1911 a mi kha a ni a, chutah kum 1959 ah khan a lo thleng leh in, kum 2007 a mi hian a rawn zui leh ta a ni. Tin, Thingtam hi kum 1881-ah khan a lo thleng tawh bawk a, kum 1929 leh 1977 khan a rawn thleng leh a. Tichuan Mautam leh Thingtam lo thleng tawh aṭang te hian heti hian a chhut theih a. Thingtam atang te hian a chhut theih a. Thingtam atanga kum 30-naah Mautam leh Thingtam lo thleng tawh aṭang kum 18-naah Thingtam hi a rawn thleng leh ta ṭhin a ni.

2:2:1  Kum 1911 Mautam

Kum 1909 leh 1910-ah Thangnang rual Mizoramah a rawn puang chiam mai a, mahse heng Thangnang rual te hian buh leh thlai an khawih lo.

Kum 1910-ah Mautam chu khawchhak lam, Tuipui leh Tuirini inkarah rawn intan in Sazu-in buh an seh tan a. Kum 1911-a lo thlen chuan Mizoram pum a Mautakho zawng zawng chu rawn Tam in sazu an rawn puang ta a. Sazu in Maurah an ei zawh chuan, favang lamah, buh kung lamah tuan zuiin, buh an seh ta chiam mai a ni.

Sawrkarin Sazu suat beihpui a huaihawtna atangin Sazu mei 1,79,015 lai sawrkarah thlen a ni a. Tin, sawrkarin phai lam atangin buh tawlh lut a, heng buh tawlh luh senso atan hian Cheng Nuaih 5 chuang sen a ni tih Superitendent, Lushai Hills Administration Report, 1913-14 ah ziak a ni.

2:2:2  Kum 1959 Mautam

Kum 1954-ah Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah Rawte/Chal a Tam a (a rah mautak rah ang tak, mahse mautak rah ai te zawk a ni). Kum 1956-ah chuan Phulrua a rawn Tam leh a, Mamit tlangdungah a nasa zual bik a hriat a ni.

Kum 1957-ah Mautak chu hmun hrang hrangah a rah hmuh tur a awm chho tan a, mahse Sazu an la puang nasa lo.

Kum 1958-ah chuan Baktawng tlangdung Chhuah lam ram a mau-ho chu a rawn Tam tan a, Tlak lam ram a mi erawh chu a la Tam lo. Tin, Thangnang pawh May thla tawp lamah, hmun ṭhenkhatah, a rawn puang leh a. Mautam hmasa zawk in tam pawh khan an rawn puang tawh bawk a ni. Mahse thlai an khawih lo. Kum 1958 kum hian Turini lui chin chhak lam zawng zawnga mau chu a rawn Tam rual thup a, kum 1959 a lo thlen chuan Mautam hian Zoram pum a rawn tuam ta a, favang thla chho aṭanga Sazu hian buh an seh tan ta a ni. Tam Do Pawl hmuh dan chuan thlawhhma 100-a 80 (80%) hlawhchham ang in an chhut a ni. Amaherawhchu Sazu hian buh seh lohna khaw thenkhat chu a nei tho bawk.

3.  KUM 2007 MAUTAM THLENG TUR ATANA AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT HMALAKNA TE

Mautam hi kumbi neia lo thleng ṭhin a nih avangin, Central Sawrkar a Ministry of Agriculture chuan, Mizoram chang ni lo, N.E state zawng te, he mau tam avanga sazu lo puang ṭhin ni a hriat lakah hian inveng lawk tur leh theih tawk a hma la turin thurawn a siam a. Mizoram sawrkar chuan ni 19.5.1997 khan State Level Rodent Control Committee chu a din a. He committee-ah hian Sawrkar Department hrang hrang- State Planning Board, Finance, Deputy Commisioner, Agriculture, Rural Development, Soil Conservation, Forest & Environment leh Horticulture aiawh te bakah, NGO’s –MHIP,CYMA leh AMFU te leh Pu C.Rokhum ( Padma Shri) te chu ruat an ni a. He committee hmalakna hian sazu mei te pawh lei chhoh a ni. Rodent Control hna hi Agriculture Department kut a dah a nih avangin, he department hian Central sawrkar thurawn zul zui in, kum 2001 aṭang khan hetiang hian hma a lo chho ta zel ani-

1. Hmun hrang hranga mau rahah hmun zawn chhuah.
2. Thlawhlai leh ramhnuai a Sazu khawsa zia chhui.
3. Sazu chungchang a inzirtirna pek.
4. Tualchher thang hmanga Sazu thah.
5. Sazu tur hmang a Sazu thah.

3:1  Hmun hrang hrang a mau rahna hmun zawn chhuah.

Kum 2007 a mautam lo thleng tur hi a sehsam atan Mizoram hmun hrangah, a kahpah in mau an rawn rah chho a. Hetia mau an rah rual hian phulrua pawha hung te te in an rawn tam chho ve zeuh zeuh bawk a. Hetia mau an lo rah lawkna hmunah leh phulrua an lo tam chhoh zeuh zeuhna hmunah te hian, sazu ten heng an rah te hi an tlan in, an inthlahpung em tiin chhui chhoh thin a ni.

Mau a kahpah a an rah chhoh dan

Mizoram hmun hrang hrang a mautam tur intam chhoh avanga kum 2001 aṭang a mau a kahpah a an rah dan chhinchhiah theih te chu-

Kan sawi tak ang khan phulrua pawh kum 2001 aṭang khan khawthlang lam aṭangin an tam chho ve pheuh pheuh bawk a ni.

3:2  Thlawhlai leh ramhnuai a Sazu khawsa zia chhui

Ramhnuaiah te, thlawhlaiah te leh huanah te hian sazu hi kumthluan in an khawsa ve reng a. An chenna hmuna eitur a tam chuan an inthlaphung a, eitur a tlem hunah an thi ṭhen a, tin, chaw tlan tur a tlem viau phei chuan apui te pawhin an note te pawh an ei mai ṭhin a ni.

Ramhnuaiah emaw, thlawhlaiah ani emaw, mihring chenna inah pawh ni se, sazu inthlahpun chak leh chakloh chu an chaw eitur a tam leh tamloh hian a hril ṭhin.

Mautam intam chhoh avangin ramhnuaia maurah eitur a lo awm chhoh phoh phoh tawh avangin in, sazu te hi ramhnuaiah an inthlahpung reng em tih hi thil chhui ngai tak te zing a mi a ni a. Tichuan, Kum 2001 a ṭang khan ramhnuaia maurah awmna hmunah te chuan sazu te hi a khat tawk a thlithlai chhoh anni a. Amaherawhchu, kum 2005 thleng kha chuan, hetia sazu han pung deuh leh hnawksak lutuk a an chetna hi hmuh a ni lo.

Hmun hrang hranga sazu chet dan chhui a nih rual hian, Mizorama sazu chi hrang hrang awm te chu an chanchin zir chhhoh anni bawk a. Rampawn aṭang a mithiamte rawn chungin sazu chi hrang 15 te chu chhinchiah fel anni. Heng mai bakah pawh hian chi hrang 20 chuang chu Mizoramah hian la awm thei tur a ngaih a ni bawk

Sazu te hi a chi ngai pawh an khawsakna hmun a zir in an rawng put hmang te hi a danglam thei a, hei vang hian Mizoram a sazu chi hrang hrang awm te hi a hming kan pek dan a mumal har hle. A ṭhen chu a chi ngai tho hming hran in kan sawi a. Rattus rattus pawh hi hming hran kan put tir nual a, e.g. Ram-zu, zu-pawl, zu-awmvar etc. Tin, chaichim chi ho (Muss pp.) pawh hi chi hrang hrang tam tak an awm a ni. Amaherawchu, heng Bui (Cannonyms badius) te, Zuhrei/Zu-cho (Berylmys spp.)te, Zu-tam (Leopoldamys spp.) te hi chu an hriat hran mai theih thung a ni.

Mizorama sazu chi hrang hrang zing a ṭhenkhat te-

3.3  Sazu chungchanga inzirtirna pek

Kuthnathawktute hnenah sazu chung chang a inzirtirna hi pek ṭhin a ni a. Heng inzirtirna te hi khawchhungah thlawhlaiah te neih ṭhin a ni. Heng hunah te hian sazu nungchang leh an khawsak dan chi hrang hrang inzirtirnan hman ṭhin a ni a, tualchher thang leh tûr hmang te a sazu thah leh hrai dan te inzirtir ṭhin a ni. A remchan dan a zir in thuziak chi hrang hrang te pawh sem ṭhin a ni bawk. Tin, kum 2006 September thlaah phei kha chuan, Mizoram hmun tin dap chhuak tur in, central YMA leh AMFU General Headquaters ten en a tangkawp in, training khaw tin a hlan chhawng tur, Trainers Training neih a ni bawk.

Sazu chung chang a inzirtirna chi hrang hrang leh Department in mautam lo thleng tur lak a hma a lakna chi hrang hrang te chu, a khat tawk in Aizawl Doordharshan TV leh Mizoram khaw hrang hrang a tualchhung Cable TV-ah te a khat tawk a tihchhuah ṭhin a ni a. Tin, All India Radio, Aizawl Station aṭang te pawh in inzirtirna tih chhuah ṭhin a ni.

3:4  Tualchher thang hmanga Sazu thah

Mizo in tualchher thang chi hrang hrang kan neih te zingah, awlsam taka hman theih kan nei ve nual a. Heng, Vaithang te, thangchep te, Mangkhawng te leh Hnawh-tawt te hi an tangkai em em ani. Tin, sazu kaw ur nan Vai-ham te pawh kan hmang ṭhin.

Heng thang chi hrang hrang zingah hian, sazu in kawngtum an neihna hmunah chuan Vaithang hi a thawh hlawk ber kan ti thei awm e. Sazu an tam dan a zir in, zan khatah ringawt pawh, kan vil peih chuan, thang pakhat a ṭangin vawi 4 vawi 5 pawh a awh nawn theih a. Sazu rual chetna hmunah chuan thim hlim darkar khat lek chhung pawh in sazu 15 lai, vaithang pakhat aṭang ringawt a awk pawh an awm a ni.

3:5  Sazu tur hmang a Sazu thah

Sazu thah nan hian thang chi hrang hrang te leh thiamthil chi hrang hrang hmang ṭhin mah ila, tur (rodenticides) hi hman a ngaih chang a awm ve tho ṭhin. Hei vang hian tur te hi Department in a lei a, chung chu District Agriculture Office aṭangin, a tul a dan zir in, anmahni bial ṭheuhah, athlawn in, kut hnathawktute hnenah pek chauh ṭhin a ni.

Sazu tur te hi tur an nih avangin hian fimkhur taka hman a tul a. Hei vang hian mimal hnenah a theih chin chin chu pek chhuah phal a ni lo a. Tin, khawtlang in, a huho a sazu hrai hi a sawt zawk avang in, sazu tur pekchhuah dawn pawh in khaw chhung VC emaw, YMA emaw, Farming Society hming in emaw a hlawm a pek chhuah ṭhin a ni.

Department hian sazu tur chi hnih lakchhuah ṭhin a nei a chung te chu- Bromadiolone (a cake leh powder) leh Zinc Phosphine (tur-dum) te anni. Bromadiolone hi a him zawk deuh avangin lakchhuah tam zawk ṭhin a ni. Tin, sazu kaw urna, Aluminium tul zual laiin tlem a zawng chu lakchhuah a ni bawk. Sazu kaw urna phei hi chu mihring tan a hlauhawm zual avangin a pawng a taka phalrai a ni lo. Kum 2002-03 aṭanga kum 2007-08 thleng khan sazu tur chi hrang hrang Department in a lei tawh zat chu 427.0 quintals lai a ni tawh a ni.

3:5  Sazu tur hmang a Sazu thah

Sazu thah nan hian thang chi hrang hrang te leh thiamthil chi hrang hrang hmang ṭhin mah ila, tur (rodenticides) hi hman a ngaih chang a awm ve tho ṭhin. Hei vang hian tur te hi Department in a lei a, chung chu District Agriculture Office aṭangin, a tul a dan zir in, anmahni bial ṭheuhah, athlawn in, kut hnathawktute hnenah pek chauh ṭhin a ni.

Sazu tur te hi tur an nih avangin hian fimkhur taka hman a tul a. Hei vang hian mimal hnenah a theih chin chin chu pek chhuah phal a ni lo a. Tin, khawtlang in, a huho a sazu hrai hi a sawt zawk avang in, sazu tur pekchhuah dawn pawh in khaw chhung VC emaw, YMA emaw, Farming Society hming in emaw a hlawm a pek chhuah ṭhin a ni.

Department hian sazu tur chi hnih lakchhuah ṭhin a nei a chung te chu- Bromadiolone (a cake leh powder) leh Zinc Phosphine (tur-dum) te anni. Bromadiolone hi a him zawk deuh avangin lakchhuah tam zawk ṭhin a ni. Tin, sazu kaw urna, Aluminium tul zual laiin tlem a zawng chu lakchhuah a ni bawk. Sazu kaw urna phei hi chu mihring tan a hlauhawm zual avangin a pawng a taka phalrai a ni lo. Kum 2002-03 aṭanga kum 2007-08 thleng khan sazu tur chi hrang hrang Department in a lei tawh zat chu 427.0 quintals lai a ni tawh a ni.

4.   KUM 2007 MAUTAM

4:1  Mautam tur inṭham vel avang hian kum 2001 vel aṭang khan Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah mau an rah ṭan tawh a. Kum 2005 a lo thlen chuan Mizoram khaw thlang lam, Mamit District a Suangkuang ram a mau hmun, hectare 500 vel zet a zau chu a rawn tam ta a, he mau tam hi kum 2004 kum tawp lam aṭang khan an lo par ṭan tawh a ni. (Ram hectare khat hi sq meter 10,000 a zau a ni a, chu chu football field puitling tia vel a ni).

Suangkuang ram hi mamit leh Kawrthah khaw inkar, Teirei lui kam a awm a ni a. Hetia ram zau deuh mai a rawn tam tak avang hian helai ram leh a chhehvelah vahrit leh ram ȃr bakah, sanghal te pawh kum dang aiin an pung hle ani. Maupar leh a rah an tlan avanga rawn pung ta ni a hriat a ni. Hemi kum hian helai ramah hian sazu chu an la puang lo.

Hemi kum vekah hian, May thla tirah, hetiang mau a tamna hmun ep a N. Sabual khaw daiah, Thangnang an rawn kai ta a. Thangnang hi Mau a tam a piang in an rawn tel ve ṭhin a. He an kaina hmun hi mautam hmasa zawkah te pawh a an lo kai tawh ṭhenawm a awm a ni. Kum 2005 hian hmun dangah Thangnang hi an kai ti a sawi tham a awm lo.

4:2  Kum 2005 kum vek, October thla a lo her chhuah chuan, Mizoram a khawchhak lam, Champhai District a Chawngtlai khaw dai-ah mau tam tur chu an rawn arfep a, an rawn par ta ṭhup mai a. Kum 2006 a rawn inher chhuah meuh chuan Chawngtlai mau hmun aṭang a Keifang ram thlengin mau hi an rawn tam ta a ni. Kum 1958-ah pawh khan Mizoram khawchhak lam, helai bawr vel ṭang hian mautam hi a rawn inṭan niin kan nu leh pa te chuan an sawi ṭhin a.

Kum 2006 kum a mau tam hian helai ram mai bakah, Serchhip District a khaw ṭhenkhat leh Aizawl District hnuai a khaw ṭhenkhat, khawchhak lam dep te chu a tuam a.

Kum tluan in thlawhlai a thlai chi hrang hrang, vaimim te, bawkbawn te, fanghma te, dawnfawh te, hmazil te, hmarcha te, behlawi te, bekang te leh vaihlo te chu sazu ho hian an seh chho a. August thla aṭang phei chuan Tai/ Thar rang buh te chu an seh a, October thla a lo her meuh chuan Buhpui pawh sazu te hian an seh chho ta zel a ni. Mau a lo tam ve rih lohna hmun khaw tam takah te pawh, hemi kum hian kum dang aiin sazu an che na a, Mizoram pum a buh thar a ṭha lo hle a ni.

Kum 2006 kum a Mizoram khaw chhak a mau tamna hmun aṭang ringawt hian, sazu thang hmang in sazu nuaih 2 chuang thah a ni a, tur hmang a thah te nen phei chu hei ai hian a tam zawk daih dawn ani. Puilo leh Chhawrtui bakah, Dulte leh Kawlhkulh khau te hi hemi kum a tuarna zual bik khua te anni a. Heng khaw 4 aṭang ringawt hian sazu mei sinnga chuang lei a ni bawk.

4:3  Mau a tam dawn reng reng chuan a hma kum, kum tawp lam aṭangin mau chu a arfep a, chutah an rawn par ṭhin tih kan sawi tawh a. Kum 2007, mautam kum a lo thlen dawn pawh hian, kum 2006 October thla aṭang khan Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah mau chu arfep in, an lo par tan ta fur mai a. Tin, phulrua pawh kum hmasa lam aiin an par nasa a, tam turin an in tin tuah nasa em em a ni.

Hetia mau a tam dawn avang hian, chhungkaw tam tak chuan kum dang aiin an hmalak an zim a, tin, chhungkaw tam tak phei chuan thlawhlai an nei ṭha ngam ta lo. Kum dang a buh ṭin 3 leh a aia zau nei thin te pawh in ṭin khat hmun vel lek lek an nei tawh hlawm ani. Tin, chhungkaw tam tak chuan sawrkar in ṭam kum atana chin tura a lo ruat aieng chi an dawn te chu an ching ta zawk a.

Febuary thla a lo thlen meuh chuan Mizoram hmun tin deuh thaw a mau te chuan rah an rawn chhuah ta a. Heng an rah te hi nungcha tam takin an tlan a, sanghal leh vahrit leh ramar te pawh hmun tam takah an pung nasa hle a ni. Tin, sazu in maurah an eina hnuhma pawh hmuh tur a awm leh zel bawk a. Sazu te chu an pung tih hai rual loh in, zan a khaw kar kawnga kal chuan, an kawng kan tur an chil hlumna hnuhma pawh hmuh tur a awm zut ta bawk a ni

Hmun ṭhenkhat a phulraw tam tur te chu sazu te hian an chen chilh a, phulraw hung bul te chu an chenna kua in a kaw chek chuk a, a bel hen hun zel bawk a. Heng phulrua an chen chilhna bul hnai a thlam, a kum hmasa lam a mi, a neituten an la luah chhunzawm zel te pawh, phulraw rah a rem deuh hnu chuan an bei zui a, heng thlam chhuat te hi an khel a, luah tlak loh in an ei hek hem huam ta mai a ni

April leh May thla a rawn ni chho a, thlawhlai a thlai chi thlak te pawh, hmun tin maiah an him lo chho ta a.Vaimim fang, leichhung a tuh tawh hnu te pawh an tiah hlim in sazu in a fang te chu an char a, thlai dang dang te leh buh te pawh an him lo chho ta zel bawk a. Tin, hmun hrang hrangah sazu mai ni lo in, sairil hrik leh pangang ten buh ṭiak hlim hnah te chu an lo ei chhe mek zel bawk a.

June thla chho aṭang chuan vaimim chu sazu hian an bei chho ta a, vaimim chi tur tak ngial pawh chan tur neilo khua an awm ta fur mai ani.

Tai/Tharrang hmin chho ṭan tir pawh chu sazu hian an bei chho ta zel a, chutah buhpuiah an kai cho a, July aṭanga September thla thleng a ruahtui tam nen a ṭang kawp in, kum 2007 kum hian buh seng tur mumal a awm ta lo a ni.Tha tak a buh thar chu, khaw tlem te chauh an awm a ni. Kum tawp, December thla a Agriculture Department a thawk tu ten an chhut dan chuan, kum 2007 kum a buh thar tur a beisei zawng zawng aṭanga 88 % vel chu hlohah chhut a ni.

Mautam hmasa lamah khan Tharrang buh an him hman ṭhin tiin sawi a ni ṭhin a, mahse kum 2007 mautam hi chuan an him hman bik lo a, tin, luipui hnaih leh arkhuang ri hriat phakna hmunah buh a him, tih pawh tun tumah hi chuan a dik bawk hek lo. Leilet (WRC) buh pawh sazu hian an khawih tho bawk ani. Tin, mautam hmasa te ang a sazu rual, buh suasam tur in zui dul dul pawh hmuh leh sawi a awm lo a. Heng hi a chhan ni thei a lang chu, mautam hmasa zawk hun te ai khan kan ramngaw te an ṭha tawh lo a, tin, kan mau te pawh hi an chereu tawh zawk bawk ngei ang. Hei vang hian tunhma lam ang a sazu, ramhnuaia an inthlahpung vak vak ṭhin tur ang kha tun hunah hi chuan a nep tawh zawk in, sazu rual inzui dul dul hmuh tur pawh a awm ta lo niin a ngaih theih a ni. Hmun ṭhenkhatah chuan sazu 20/30 a huho ang hi chu tunah hi chuan sawi tur a tam lo a ni.

5.  MAUTAM LEH A KAIHHNAWIH THIL THENKHATTE

5.1  Sazu thah leh nungcha hmuhalh chungchang

Ram chhung a Nungcha humhalhna dan lek kawh a nih lai a sazu lo thah vak vak hi a in hmeh lo riau a hriatna te pawh a awm thei a. Amaherawhchu nungcha humhalh kan tih rual hian nungcha ṭhenkhatte erawh hi chu humhalh ṭul lem lo an awm ve tho a.

Sawrkar laipuiin dan mumal tak, Wildlife (Protecttion) Act, 1972 a duang a, hemi dan hmang hian ramsa leh nungcha chi hrang hrang te humhalh anni. Amaherawhchu, he dan hnuaiah hian nungcha ṭhenkhat hnawksak bik, humhalhna dan in a huap loh te an awm a, chung te chu Vermins an ti a. Vermins ho te an awm a, chung te chu Vermins ho hi Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 hnuaia Schedule V-ah dah anni a. Vermins ho zingah chuan sazu te, chaichim te, choak te leh thei ei chi bak te hi dah anni.

5:2  Sazu suat rem chungchang

Sazu te hi tuna kan ram dinhmunah hi chuan suat rem theih anni lo. Sazu suat rem tur chuan kan khawsak dan leh kan in leh lo engkim hi a fel fai a ngai a ni.

Thang leh thiamthil chi hrang hrang bakah, tur hmang te pawh in bei mah ila hun reilote chhung in kan thah bang te chu an inthlahpung zui leh mai ṭhin a ni. Canada ram a Alderta State-ah chuan sazu an suat rem vek a, hmun dang aṭanga an lo luhna tur pawh uluk takin an veng ani; mahse hetiang ang dinhmun hi chu tunah chuan kan la phak ve rih lo. Khawi hmunah pawh leh eng hunah pawh, mautam kum kher loah pawh, an inthlahpung hluai tur theih tawk a lo ven hi tun dinhmunah chuan kan tih theih chin a ni awm e. Sazu leh thosi suat rem tum chu a in thuhmun viau ang.

5:3  Hmanlai leh tunlai Mautam

Mautam hmasa lamah khan Tharrang buh an him hman ṭhin ni a sawi a ni a, mahse tun tum mautamah hi chuan an him hman bik lo a, luipui hnaih leh arkhuang ri hriat phakna hmunah buh a him, tih pawh a dik chuang lo. Tin, leilet (WRC) buh pawh sazu hian an khawih tho bawk ani.

Tin, mautam hmasa te ang a sazu rual, buh suasam tur a inzui dul dul pawh hmuh leh sawi a awm lo a, tin, zan 2/1 a thlawhhma, tin 2 hmun vel an fai puk puk ang a sawi ṭhin kha a awm tawh bawk hek lo. Buh hmun an khawih pawh in, tin, a huho a zana thlawhlai a inzuilut lo in, a mal te te in hmun hran hran aṭangin an rawn kal khawm zawk a ni.

Hetia sazu rual, a huho a che hmuh tur awm lo hi a chhan ni thei a lang chu, mautam hmasa zawk hunte ang khan kan ramngaw te an ṭha tawh lo a, tin, kan mau hmun te pawh hi an chereu nasa tawh zawk bawk ngei ang a. Hei vang hian tunhma lam a sazu, ramhnuaia inthlahpung vak vak a, khawsa ho dul dul ṭhin tur ang kha tun hunah hi chuan an awm thei meuh tawh lo a, hmun hrang hrangah an mahni tawk in inthlahpung mahse, a mal in emaw, 2/3 vel lek lek a inzuiin an khawsa tawh niin a hriat a ni. Hmun ṭhenkhatah chuan sazu 20/30 a huho a inzui chu hmuh niin sawi a ni a, mahse hetiang hi sawi tur a tam lo hle.

5:4  Buh hmuna sazu chet dan

Sazu te hian buh tuh hlimah hian buh chi te hi an hai ve ṭhin a, tin, Bui hian buh kung hi leihnuai aṭangin a zung a pawt in a kuaah a hnuklut ṭhin. A tlangpui thu in sazu hian no a chawm lai hian buh kung hi a fep chauh ṭhin a, mahse buh in vui an chhuah hnu hi an beih nasat ber hun a ni.

Sazu ha hmai hi a hmui pawn lamah 45 ͦ in a chhuak a, hei vang hian thil an seh chhum reng reng in a thil seh chum chu a sahthlau in a awm ṭhin. Buhvui an thlak pawh in, an seh chhumna lai chu a in sahthlau ziah ṭhin a, rannung dang in hetiang hnuhma an hnutchhiah ve ngai lo a ni.

Tin, buh kung a lawn ṭhin ho hi thlawhlai chaichim (field mouse) anni ber a, an tet avang hian buh kungah te pawh awlsam tak in an lawn zung zung thei a ni. Sazu leh chaichim in buh vui an beih reng reng in, buh vui ṭhenkhat chu an kuaah an pu lut ṭhin a, mahse a hmun a an ei chuan, buh an chipna hnuhma , buh kung velah chuan a awm ziah ṭhin a ni.

Tun tum mautam a sazu chetna hmunah hi chuan , buh an chipna hnuhma leh buh vui an seh chhumna hnuhma, buh kung bul velah hmuh tur a awm a, tin, sazu tuai tir leh thlawhlai chaichim, buh kung a buh vui an chip lai leh a vui an seh thla lai te pawh thlalakna hmangin an thla lak a ni.

5:5  Mautam lai a sazu puanna chhan

Mautam lai a sazu an punna chhan hi hetiang hian lo sawi fiah dawn ila. Sazu te hi kum tluan in ramhnuaiah leh thawhlaiah te hian an khawsa ve reng a, eitur an neih leh neih loh a zir in an pung in an kiam mai ṭhin. Thlawhlaia sazu te hian buh seng zawh chuan eitur mumal an nei lo a, tichuan an thi pheuh pheuh a, a kum leh ruahtui tlak hma (May) chu inthlahpung vak lo in an khawsa a, ruahtui a rawn tlak a ramnuai leh thlawhlaia eitur a lo tam leh hun hian an rawn inthlahpung leh ta ṭhin a ni.

5:6  Thangnang

Thangnang hi ‘mautam hmahruai’ ti a kan pi leh puten an lo sawi ṭhin a ni a, mautam sawi chang a piang hian sawi tel ve ziah ṭhin an ni. Kan pi leh pu te chuan mautam dawn hian Khawbawn aṭangin an rawn pem ṭhin niin an sawi. Thangnang hi thlangdar chi khat anni a, rannung zirmi te chuan Udonga Montana Distant(Ochrophara Montana) tiin a hming an phuah a, India leh Bangladesh leh Myanmar-ah an awm ṭhin niin a sawi. Mau leh rua an rawn par hian, a parah chuan an tui te chu a hlawm in an thlauh a, tin, a par leh a rah te chu an zuk a, an tlan bawk a, an inthlahpung ṭhin ani. Mau leh raw par an rem chuan an thi mang ti tih ṭhin. Thlai dang an tlan hi hriat a ni lo.

5:7  Maurah leh Sazu inkaihnawihna

Kum 2006 leh 2007 ah te khan hmun hrang hrang a maurah tla te chu uluk taka enfiah an ni a. Mau tamna mau hmun, buh ṭin khat hmun a zau a maurah tla zawng zawng te chu chhiar in, heng maurah tlaah te hian sazu hnuhma a awm leh awm loh chhinchhiah a ni a. Hetiang a hmun hrang hrang, hmun 10 aṭanga hmuh chhuah chu, maurah tla 12% velah chuan sazu sehna hnu a awm a ni. Heta tang hian sazu te hian maurah hi an lo khawih ngei a, tin, an ei ngei a ni tih a hriat theih ani

Maurah te hi Sazu tana chawṭha tak ni a ngaih a ni a. Sazu hian Maurah an tlan chuan an chi thlahna thlengin a pui thei nia ngaih ṭhin a ni. Amaherawhchu hei hi a dik ber lohna lai a awm a. Mautam avanga sazu an pun chakna chhan ber tur zawk a chu, maurah khar lo pawh, hnianghnar tak a chaw ei tur an hmuh hrim hrim hian an inthlah pung chak a, a pangngaia tum khata no 5/6 nei ṭhin khan no 10 chuang te an nei thei ta ṭhin a, tin, thla tin deuhthaw no an hring thei ta ṭhin a ni.

5:8  Sazu tûr chungchang a hriattur pawimawhte

Sazu-Tûr te hi mihring leh ranvulh bakah, ar leh ransa chitin tan a hlauhawm em em a ni.

Sazu-Tûr chah atan siam chu lehkha emaw a fun chunga chah ṭhin tur.

Sazu-Tûr dahna bawm ruak te hi thildang dah nan hman loh tur a ni.

Sazu-Tûr te hian hmun ualau leh Tur a ni tih hrelo te khawih mai theihah dah loh tur.

Sazu kan hrai reng reng in mahni lo/huan emaw, mahni inah chauh emaw a hrai hian hun reilo teah ṭhenawm aṭangin an rawn pem lut leh mai ṭhin. Hei vang hian a huho a hrai hram hram ṭhin tur.

Tûr chah chawpna hmun hi fimkhur em em tur a ni. Mauthei (chhemthei anga khawtlang, sazu vah lenna) chhungah emaw, changel-kawr inkhup chhungah emaw, thingtuluang leh lungpuk hnuaiah te emaw chauh chah ṭhin tur a ni. Thlawhlaiah pawng vawmdarh mai mai tur a ni lo.

Sazu hraina hmun hnaia sazu thi reng reng chu ei loh tur a ni. Hmun hulharah phum zel tur a ni.

Sazu-Tûr hi a hlui chuan sazu in an ei duh tawh lo. Chuvang chuan hmun hulharah phumbo ṭhin tur a ni.

Sazu-Tûr te hi rannnung thahna leh thlai damdawi dang te ang in thlaiah leh leiah direct tak a hman anni ngai lo. Tur chah chawpna hmun kan zawm ṭhaṭ chuan Organic Farming tan mai bakah mihring leh ran tan pawh a him thei a ni.

Maurah te hi Sazu tana chawtha tak a ni a ngaih a ni a. Sazu hian Maurah an tlan chuan an chi thlahna thlengin a pui thei nia ngaih ṭhin a ni. Amaherawhchu hei hi a dik ber lohna lai a awm a. Mautam avanga sazu an pun chakna chhan ber tur zawk a chu, maurah kher lo pawh, hnianghnar tak a chaw ei tur an hmuh hrim hrim hian an inthlah pung chak a, pangngaia ṭum khata no 5/6 nei ṭhin khan no 10 chuang te an nei thei ta ṭhin a ni.

5:9 Sazu-var vulh chungchang

Mizo ten hmun ṭhenkhatah, ei atana sazu kan khawi ṭhin Sazu-var hi sap ṭawng chuan Albino Rat emaw, Laboratory Rat emaw an tia, medical leh zoology subject lam zirna kawng a hman atana thlahpun chawp anni. Hetiang sazu hi a then chu a var hlang hlak a, a dang leh chu a taksa var vek si, mahse a lu (head) dum la awm bawk. He sazu hi a Mizoram pawn aṭangin khawi tur in mi ṭhenkhat in kan la lut a. Hetiang sazu hi a thlahtu chu Norway rat( Rattus norvegicus) a ni a, Norway rat hi sazu chi hrang hrang zingah chuan mihring tana natna hlauhawm tak tak kengtu leh thehdarhtu (vector) hlauhawm tak a ni a, sazu hlauhawm tak a ni. Chuvangin ei atan khawi emaw vulh pun emaw chi a ni lo. Hetiang a hnuaia natna hrik chi hrang hrang te hi Norway Rat chuan a thehdarh a ni.

1. Leptospirosis

2. Typhus (spotted) fever

3. Hantaan viruses (Haemorhegic fever)

4. Rat bite fever

5. Toxoplasmosis

6. Plague

A hmasa 4 te khi mihringin an kai chuan an khua a sik a, sikserh emaw Dengue fever emaw vei ang chiahin an khua a sik a, enkawl vat loh chuan thihpui theih a ni.Leptospirosi natna hi nu in a naupai laia a kai chuan nau a hrin hun hmain a naupai lai kha a thi thei a, naute chu a thi em a nih loh pawh in a piangsual thei a ni. He natna hi Zawhte in a kai chuan Mihring hnenah an sem darh thei.

Toxoplasmosis natna hi nu in a naupai laia a kai chuan nau a hrin hun hmain a naupai lai kha a thi thei a, naute chu a thi em a nih loh pawh in a piangsual thei a ni. He natna hi zawhte in a kai chuan Mihring hnehah an sem darh thei.

Plague chu Pul-hri a ni a. Khawvel ram pum a natna ṭihbaihawm berte zing a chhiartel a ni.

Chuvangin hetiang khawpa Sazu hlauhawm a lo nih avang hian ei tur atana vulh chi a ni lo a ni.

5:10  SAZU TÛR HRAI LEH HRISELNA CHUNCHANG

Tûr hmang a hrai sazu thi reng reng chu ranvulh leh mihring ten ei loh tur a ni. Hmun himah phumbo ṭhin tur a ni.

Tûr vanga thi sazu chu luiah emaw a thih hnu a a tlak hian, a tlakna lui tui chu tûr hmanga ti bawlhhlawh khawp in a awm lo, hei hi a chhan chu, tûr khan sazu kawchhungah hian a nihna pangngai kha a hlauh hman tawh ṭhin a ni (through a telephonic talk with Dr AMK Mohan Rao, Rodent Specialist, Government of India).

Sazu, tûr avanga thiin lui tui emaw, dil tui emaw, tuizem emaw an tih bawlhhlawh theih dan ber chu, an tlak luhnaah, tam tham tak an tlak a, an ṭawih rimchhia in a tih bawlhhlawh hi a ni ber. Hei vang hian sazu thi tur te chu tuizem emaw a an tlak luh theihlohna tur in, kan tui dahna te chu kan buatsaih ṭhin tur a ni.

5.11  BAFFACOS hmang a Department hmalakna

BAFFACOS (Bamboo Flowering & Famine Combat Scheme) hi ni 12.8.2004 a Chief Minister remruatna zulzui in, mautam lo thleng tur do letna tur a Mizoram sawrkarin a din a ni a. Chief Minister kaihhruaina hnuaiah thuneihna sang tak nei State Level High Power Committee a thuam a ni. Hemi Committee hnuaiah hian Working Group a awm a, chu chu Chief Secretary-in kaihhruaiin, Planning Adviser chu Member Secretary a ni a. BAFFACOS kaihhnawih Department hrang hrang Secretary te, Head of Department te leh Officer pawimawh thenkhatte member anni bawk. BAFFACOS hian Department hrang hrang 14 kaihhnawih/thlunzawm a nei a, chung te chu-

i) Environment & Forest ii) Rural Development iii) Agriculture iv) Food & Civil Supplies v) Industries vi) Health & Family Welfare vii) AH & Veterinary viii) Horticulture ix) Sericulture x) Soil & Water Conservation xi) Fisheries xii) Revenuev xiii) Information & Public Relations xiv) PWD Department (kum 2005-06 atangin) te anni.

Heng Department hrang hrang te hian an mahni hmalakna ṭheuh tur an duang a, heng scheme zulzui hian Mizoram sorkar chuan BAFFACOS kaltlangin Central sorkarah sum an zuk dil a. Heng sum hmang hian hmalak chhoh a ni ta a. Kum 2006-07 aṭang erawh kha chuan BAFFACOS hi District tin a Deputy Commissioner te kal tlangin thawh chhunzawm a ni ta a ni.

BAFFACOS hnuaiah hian Agriculture Department chuan sazu laka buh leh bal, a theih ang ang hum tumin hma a la a, tin ,thlai chi hrang hrang, mipui tan a ngaihtuah bawk a ni. Hlawk zawk leh awmze nei zawk a loneituten hma an lak theih nan khawl hmanga hna thawhtir in, Agriculture Link Road tam zawk siam belh leh mau hmanga meihawl siam leh a tuisawr a hman ṭangkai thlengin a buaipui a ni.

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